Inglise keele tähtsamad koma tarvitamise reeglid

Koma tarvitamine inglise keeles erineb tunduvalt koma tarvitamisest eesti keeles. Allpool on antud tähtsamad reeglid koma tarvitamise kohta inglise keeles.

1. Määruslause eraldatakse komaga ainult siis, kui ta eelneb pealausele.

When George was being reprimanded by the headmaster, he remained silent.

George knew he had disobeyed the headmaster.

If you could fly over London in a helicopter, you would see the River Thames below you.

When Joe had bought the tickets, he rang up Susan.

As he waited for her to answer, he got more and more execited.

2. Kesksõnalised lauselühendid, kui need on lauses määruseks, eraldatakse tavaliselt komaga.

Joining Bosinney, Soames started for the station.

Having discussed the plan with the agent, he returned to the building site.

Rebecca returned the note, saying she refused to talk business with ladies' maids.

3. Koma tarvitatakse ka lihtsalt lauseliikmete paremaks eraldamiseks, näiteks määruse järel, mis seisab aluse ees.

According to the book, the answer was quite different,

After all, there are only four days to the end of July.

4. Rindlaused, mis on seotud sidesõnaga but, eraldatakse üksteisest komaga. Ka sidesõnaga and seotud rindlauseid võib üksteisest eraldada komaga.

Sydney tried to make it one show a night, but the director wouldn'thear of it.

It was the 1st of August, and the corn was ripe.

5. Põimlauses ei eraldata sihitislauset komaga.

In an English class I asked some girls who were their favourite authors.

We hope that you will be satisfied with our work.

6. Täiendlauseid tavaliselt ei eraldata komaga. Täiendlause eraldatakse pealausest komaga ainult siis, kui ta eelneb pealausele.

I know a man who is very much interested in geology. - Ma tean (üht niisugust) meest, kes on väga huvitatud geoloogiast.

Do you know the scientist who was at the head of the expedition? - Kas te tunnete (seda) teadlast, kes oli ekspeditsiooni eesotsas?

My eldest brother, who is interested in geology, took part in an expedition last summer. - Minu vanim vend, kes on huvitatud geoloogiast, võttis möödunud suvel ekspeditsioonist osa.

He raised his left hand, which was bandaged. - Ta tõstis vasaku käe, mis oli sidemeis.

7. Kesksõnalist lauselühendit, mis on lauses täiendiks, ei eraldata komaga.

The sil ence was only broken by rabbits running to their holes.

The guests invited to the party arrived between four and five.

Most of the people living in the East End are workers.

8. Saatelause eraldatakse otsesest kõnest komaga.

He said, "I've found the very place for four house."

George said, "I'd like to see what would happen."

Inglise keeles seisavad jutumärgid alati ülal, nii otsese kõne alguses kui lõpus.

Saatelause eraldatakse otsesest kõnest kooloniga, kui otsest kõnet alustatakse uuest reast ja ta koosneb mitmest lausest.

9. Lause algul esinevad hüüdsõnad well, why jt. eraldatakse komaga.

"Why, it is enough for the wholw winter," said Sydney.

Well, I am still able to take a little interest in beauty.

10. Kirja algul ütte järel tarvitatakse koma (mitte aga hüüumärki): Dear George, Dear Mr. Brown, Dear sir,